Prehistoric Homo sapiens, our pre-agricultural revolution (~250,000–10,000 years ago) ancestors, were highly adaptable hunter-gatherers who navigated diverse environments across Africa, Eurasia, and beyond. Their advanced cognitive abilities were reflected in complex tool-making techniques and the creation of symbolic art, such as intricate cave paintings, carvings, and personal ornaments. Evidence of ritualistic behavior, burial practices, and the sharing of knowledge highlights their cultural depth and symbolic communication. They engineered shelters, controlled fire, and developed cooperative strategies for survival. These ancestors laid the foundation for modern human culture and demonstrated resilience, creativity, and an unparalleled ability to innovate in response to environmental challenges.