Homo neanderthalensis, were well adapted for colder climates, lived from ~400,000—30,000 years ago in smaller clans/communities across Europe and Asia. Their bodies and brains were similar in size to ours, and they made tools, weapons, and jewelry from stone, antler, bone, and teeth (“Mousterian industry”). Fossils suggest advanced language and symbolic behavior, burials, and art. Interbreeding has preserved ~20% of neanderthalhal DNA in our (Homo sapiens) genome. The artwork paints a portrait of these earlier humans by displaying scientifically derived knowledge about the era in which they existed, their place in the Homo family tree, their geographical spread and migration patterns, their facial features and physical stature, their tools, weapons, and technology, their skull and brain size, cognitive ability, culture, types of shelter, etc., and the key fossils leading to this knowledge.